"Who"
A good friend is a person who will help you in difficult times.
Who is "a person" in the Model Sentence above? We can use many adjectives to describe this person. In English, ordinary adjectives come before the noun - "he is a good person" or "she is a happy person". In this grammar pattern, however, we have a longer adjective that describes this person using a phrase introduced by "who". So we know this person will help others when they have trouble. This is a good way to add important meaning to your communication in English. Learn it well and use it often!
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. I have a friend who likes to jump out of airplanes.
2. My sister is a person who sleeps until noon.
3. Learners of English are people who really hope to succeed!
4. A good musician is a perfectionist who practices every day.
5. Joe is a teacher who likes to laugh.
2. My sister is a person who sleeps until noon.
3. Learners of English are people who really hope to succeed!
4. A good musician is a perfectionist who practices every day.
5. Joe is a teacher who likes to laugh.
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. Do you know anybody who can fix a broken computer?
2. Do you have a friend who can play the guitar?
3. Who is a famous person who appears often on TV?
4. Are you the type of person who likes to wake up early?
5. Was there a teacher who really helped you a lot?
2. Do you have a friend who can play the guitar?
3. Who is a famous person who appears often on TV?
4. Are you the type of person who likes to wake up early?
5. Was there a teacher who really helped you a lot?
Adverbs with "When"
we like to wake up when the sun rises.
Adverbs modify verbs. In other words, adverbs give more information about verbs. In the Model Sentence, the verb is "wake up". We can show the time of waking up by using an expression with "when" - "when the sun rises". This is a very common pattern in English, but students often struggle with it. Just practice this grammar pattern a few times, however, and you'll master it very soon.
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. I usually eat when my brother eats.
2. They normally sleep when the sun goes down.
3. She doesn't study when the weekend comes.
4. We need an umbrella when it's raining.
5. My cousin travels when he doesn't have a lot of work to do.
2. They normally sleep when the sun goes down.
3. She doesn't study when the weekend comes.
4. We need an umbrella when it's raining.
5. My cousin travels when he doesn't have a lot of work to do.
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. What do you like to do when the weekend comes?
2. Do you always have an umbrella when it rains?
3. Do you always carry an umbrella when it doesn't rain?
4. Is there a regular time when you go to bed?
5. When do you think is the best time to travel?
2. Do you always have an umbrella when it rains?
3. Do you always carry an umbrella when it doesn't rain?
4. Is there a regular time when you go to bed?
5. When do you think is the best time to travel?
Long Nouns with Question Words
"Whoever smiles first is the loser!" OR "The loser is whoever smiles first!"
Although this grammar pattern is similar to English Sentence Pattern 18 it is much more challenging. We make the longer noun in this pattern using "question words" for example, the Model Sentences above use "whoever smiles first" either at the beginning or the end of the sentence. When you get used to this sentence pattern, it will seem quite easy, so keep trying! Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. Whoever finishes first is the winner. (The winner is whoever finishes first.)
2. Whenever we arrive we'll have a party. (We'll have a party whenever we arrive.)
3. Whichever bus comes first, we'll take. (We'll take whichever bus comes first.)
4. Wherever we go, it will be fun. (It will be fun wherever we go.)
5. Whatever you do, we will support you. (We will support you whatever you do.)
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends! 2. Whenever we arrive we'll have a party. (We'll have a party whenever we arrive.)
3. Whichever bus comes first, we'll take. (We'll take whichever bus comes first.)
4. Wherever we go, it will be fun. (It will be fun wherever we go.)
5. Whatever you do, we will support you. (We will support you whatever you do.)
1. Who will win a basketball match? (Whoever scores the most points...)
2. Where can we find good Chinese food in Beijing? (Wherever you go...)
3. When do you like eating pizza? (Whenever I'm hungry!)
4. What kind of movies do you watch? (Whatever is playing at the cinema...)
5. Which kind of computer do you want to buy? (Whichever is cheaper...)
2. Where can we find good Chinese food in Beijing? (Wherever you go...)
3. When do you like eating pizza? (Whenever I'm hungry!)
4. What kind of movies do you watch? (Whatever is playing at the cinema...)
5. Which kind of computer do you want to buy? (Whichever is cheaper...)
Either / neither / Too / So
They don't agree and neither do I!
They don't agree and neither do I!
In English grammar, we use words such as "Either", "Neither", "Too" or "So" to show agreement during a Discussion. Use one of these expressions to give answers.
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. She seems very tired. (I am too!)
2. I want to go home. (So do I!)
3. I don't like this TV show. (I don't either!)
4. I am not happy with this class. (Neither am I!)
5. We don't want to go out tonight. How about you? (I don't either.)
2. I want to go home. (So do I!)
3. I don't like this TV show. (I don't either!)
4. I am not happy with this class. (Neither am I!)
5. We don't want to go out tonight. How about you? (I don't either.)
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. How does your sister (or brother) feel now? How about you?
2. Do you have a million dollars? How about your friends?
3. Have your friends been to South Africa? How about you?
4. Can your parents fly an airplane? What about you?
5. Which country were you born in? What about your brother? (or sister?)
2. Do you have a million dollars? How about your friends?
3. Have your friends been to South Africa? How about you?
4. Can your parents fly an airplane? What about you?
5. Which country were you born in? What about your brother? (or sister?)
English Articles
A man jumped into the river. Who was the man?.
Articles are one of the most difficult points of English grammar for ESL students. Learn the sentences in this lesson will make it easier for you. In English, we often start with "a" and "an" which are called "indefinite articles". These are used with something we don't know well. We can then continue with "the", which is a "definite article". We use "the" with something we know. The practice sentences in this grammar lesson are in pairs - the first sentence uses an indefinite article but then we know the topic, so the second sentence uses a definite article.
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1a. There is a man next to the table. (We don't know who he is yet.)
1b. The man is from Sydney. (Now we know him, at least a little!)
2a. A man came to our office this morning. (Who? We don't know.)
2b. The man wanted to meet our boss. (Now we know him a little.)
3. The Nile is a river in Egypt. (Everybody knows it.)
4. There is a river in my hometown called the Genesee River.
5. Put this fruit in the kitchen. (We know that every house has a kitchen.)
1b. The man is from Sydney. (Now we know him, at least a little!)
2a. A man came to our office this morning. (Who? We don't know.)
2b. The man wanted to meet our boss. (Now we know him a little.)
3. The Nile is a river in Egypt. (Everybody knows it.)
4. There is a river in my hometown called the Genesee River.
5. Put this fruit in the kitchen. (We know that every house has a kitchen.)
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1a. Do you have a pet?
1b. what is the pet's name?
2a. Is there a lake near your hometown?
2b. Is the lake big or small?
3. Where is the Mississippi River?
4. What is the capital city of France?
1b. what is the pet's name?
2a. Is there a lake near your hometown?
2b. Is the lake big or small?
3. Where is the Mississippi River?
4. What is the capital city of France?
There was / There were
There was a big storm last night.
This grammar pattern is similar to sentence pattern 32, except that it is in the past. Use this in conversations about things that happened before now. It's quite easy, so be sure to learn these sentences until you can say them perfectly.
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. There were seventeen students in the class.
2. There was a tall student sitting in the front.
3. There was a big earthquake in China a few years ago.
4. Was there a party last night?
5. Were there many people at the meeting yesterday?
2. There was a tall student sitting in the front.
3. There was a big earthquake in China a few years ago.
4. Was there a party last night?
5. Were there many people at the meeting yesterday?
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. Was there a special event that changed your life?
2. Were there many good teachers in your high school?
3. Was there a McDonald's in your town when you were a child?
4. Were there interesting TV shows on TV when you were a child?
5. How many TV stations were there in your hometown 20 years ago?
2. Were there many good teachers in your high school?
3. Was there a McDonald's in your town when you were a child?
4. Were there interesting TV shows on TV when you were a child?
5. How many TV stations were there in your hometown 20 years ago?
There is / There are
There is a big dog in front of the house.
Use this simple grammar pattern to start lots of conversations. Start with "There is" when talking about one thing or start your Discussion with "There are" if you are talking about two or more things. Then explain what (in the Model Sentence the "what" is "a big dog") and explain where ("in front of the house") and you have a good sentence! There are three discussion questions at the end to get you started using this sentence pattern in real conversations. Have fun!
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. There are three people in my family.
2. There is a book on the table.
3. There aren't any eggs in the refrigerator.
4. There isn't any time left in the game.
5. There are only a few cars on the road.
6. There are too many cars on the road.
2. There is a book on the table.
3. There aren't any eggs in the refrigerator.
4. There isn't any time left in the game.
5. There are only a few cars on the road.
6. There are too many cars on the road.
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. Are there many people in your family?
2. How many people work in your office?
3. Are there too many cars in your city?
4. Is there too much pollution in your hometown?
5. Is there any cheese in your refrigerator?
2. How many people work in your office?
3. Are there too many cars in your city?
4. Is there too much pollution in your hometown?
5. Is there any cheese in your refrigerator?
Discussion Questions - Give longer answers to these questions.
1. Do you think there are too many people in the world?
2. Are there people in this world that you admire?
3. Is there a special place that you want to visit?
2. Are there people in this world that you admire?
3. Is there a special place that you want to visit?
Past Sentences with "Be" (was / were)
We were hungry last night.
Use the past of "Be" to describe places, people, or things that happened before now. Pay close attention to the different times we us "was" (He was... / She was... / I was...) and "were" (We were... / They were...). These are easy sentences, but you must do them perfectly! Good luck.
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. I was a lazy student.
2. He was tired yesterday.
3. She was my neighbor.
4. We were classmates.
5. They were not classmates.
6. You were a cute child.
2. He was tired yesterday.
3. She was my neighbor.
4. We were classmates.
5. They were not classmates.
6. You were a cute child.
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. Were you a good student in high school?
2. Were you tired when you woke up this morning?
3. Was she your friend?
4. Were they in the same job?
5. Was he fat as a child?
6. Was yesterday a hot day?
2. Were you tired when you woke up this morning?
3. Was she your friend?
4. Were they in the same job?
5. Was he fat as a child?
6. Was yesterday a hot day?
Simple Sentences with "Be" (am / is / are)
We are not from this city.
This pattern is a very easy but important pattern. Be sure to say these perfectly! Especially be careful of the different forms - "I am", "We are", "They are", "He is" or "She is". You have to say these correctly every time or people will be confused.
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud!
1. I am from New York.
2. He is a teacher.
3. She is my friend.
4. We are married.
5. They are not married.
6. You are a good student.
2. He is a teacher.
3. She is my friend.
4. We are married.
5. They are not married.
6. You are a good student.
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. What is your name? (My name is ...)
2. Where are you from? (I am from ...)
3. What is your job? (I am a ...)
4. Are you married? (Yes I am. / No I'm not.)
5. Is your friend a good student? (Yes she is. / No she isn't, she's a ...)
6. Are your parents teachers? (Yes they are. / No, they are ...)
2. Where are you from? (I am from ...)
3. What is your job? (I am a ...)
4. Are you married? (Yes I am. / No I'm not.)
5. Is your friend a good student? (Yes she is. / No she isn't, she's a ...)
6. Are your parents teachers? (Yes they are. / No, they are ...)
Unconfirmed Questions
Would you like to travel to the moon some day?
Would you like to travel to the moon some day?
Tone of voice Practice - Repeat each question out loud!
1. Would you like to visit London? (Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.)
2. Could you take a train to work next week? (Yes, we could. / No, we couldn't.)
3. Should we study this for the test? (Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.)
4. Would you have studied harder as a student? [If you had another chance.] (Yes, I would have. / No, I wouldn't have.)
5. Could you have found a better way? (Yes, I could have. / No, I couldn't have.
6. Should you have asked for help before the test? (Yes, we should have. / No, we shouldn't have.)
2. Could you take a train to work next week? (Yes, we could. / No, we couldn't.)
3. Should we study this for the test? (Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.)
4. Would you have studied harder as a student? [If you had another chance.] (Yes, I would have. / No, I wouldn't have.)
5. Could you have found a better way? (Yes, I could have. / No, I couldn't have.
6. Should you have asked for help before the test? (Yes, we should have. / No, we shouldn't have.)
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. Would you like to travel in space?
2. Would you like to visit the moon?
3. Could a lion beat an alligator in a fight?
4. Could a time machine be built in the future?
5. Should we spend more time at work or with our families?
6. Should we give money to poor people on the streets?
2. Would you like to visit the moon?
3. Could a lion beat an alligator in a fight?
4. Could a time machine be built in the future?
5. Should we spend more time at work or with our families?
6. Should we give money to poor people on the streets?
Discussion – Give longer answers to these questions.
1. Would you enjoy flying an airplane by yourself?
2. Could we have a cheap electric car in the future?
3. Should cloning (making a "copy" of people!) be allowed in the future?
4. What should people do to make our world cleaner?
5. How could we make a million dollars in a short time?
6. Where should we put all of the world's garbage?
2. Could we have a cheap electric car in the future?
3. Should cloning (making a "copy" of people!) be allowed in the future?
4. What should people do to make our world cleaner?
5. How could we make a million dollars in a short time?
6. Where should we put all of the world's garbage?
Polite Questions
Would you like to have some coffee?
Would you like to have some coffee?
Tone of Voice Practice - Repeat each question out loud!
1. Would you like some tea?
2. Would you come here for a moment?
3. What do you want to eat for lunch?
4. What do you want to drink?
5. Could you tell me your name?
6. Could you help me move this?
7. May I sit here?
8. May we come in?
2. Would you come here for a moment?
3. What do you want to eat for lunch?
4. What do you want to drink?
5. Could you tell me your name?
6. Could you help me move this?
7. May I sit here?
8. May we come in?
Tag Questions
This is a good book, isn't it?
Tone of Voice Practice - Repeat each question and answer out loud!
1. This book is mine, isn't it? ("Yes it is." / "No it isn't.")
2. That car is yours, isn't that right? ("Yes that's right" / "Yes it's mine" / "No it's not mine")
3. This house is theirs, isn't it? ("Yes it is" / "No it isn't")
4. This phone number is hers, isn't it? ("Yes it is"/"Yes that's right"/"No it isn't")
5. You are from London, aren't you? ("Yes I am" / "No I'm not")
6. We have enough time, don't we? ("Yes we do" / "No we don't!")
7. You can speak German, can't you? ("Yes I can" / "No I can't")
8. They will come tomorrow, won't they? ("Yes they will" / "No they won't")
2. That car is yours, isn't that right? ("Yes that's right" / "Yes it's mine" / "No it's not mine")
3. This house is theirs, isn't it? ("Yes it is" / "No it isn't")
4. This phone number is hers, isn't it? ("Yes it is"/"Yes that's right"/"No it isn't")
5. You are from London, aren't you? ("Yes I am" / "No I'm not")
6. We have enough time, don't we? ("Yes we do" / "No we don't!")
7. You can speak German, can't you? ("Yes I can" / "No I can't")
8. They will come tomorrow, won't they? ("Yes they will" / "No they won't")
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. You can understand English well, can't you?
2. Learning sentence patterns is good practice, isn't it?
3. We should listen to English more, shouldn't we?
4. Your job is interesting, isn't it?
5. If we keep trying, we'll surely succeed, won't we?
2. Learning sentence patterns is good practice, isn't it?
3. We should listen to English more, shouldn't we?
4. Your job is interesting, isn't it?
5. If we keep trying, we'll surely succeed, won't we?
How much / How long / How many
How many English sentences do you know?
Tone of Voice Practice - Repeat each question out loud!
1. How long have you known your friend?
2. How much time is there in a day?
3. How many people are in your family?
4. How long can you swim underwater?
5. How much time have you spent studying for your test?
6. How many hours are there in a day?
2. How much time is there in a day?
3. How many people are in your family?
4. How long can you swim underwater?
5. How much time have you spent studying for your test?
6. How many hours are there in a day?
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. How long have you studied English?
2. How long will you stay in your current job?
3. How much money do you spend for lunch every day?
4. How much time do you spend sleeping each night?
5. How many years have you spent in school?
6. How many days do you work each week?
2. How long will you stay in your current job?
3. How much money do you spend for lunch every day?
4. How much time do you spend sleeping each night?
5. How many years have you spent in school?
6. How many days do you work each week?
Basic "How" Questions
How do you study English now?
Tone of Voice Practice - Repeat each question out loud!
1. How do you go to work every day?
2. How old are you?
3. How tall are you?
4. How can I buy a ticket?
5. How do you feel this afternoon?
6. How is your stomach?
7. How are your parents doing?
8. How is your new job going?
9. How often do you go to the movies?
2. How old are you?
3. How tall are you?
4. How can I buy a ticket?
5. How do you feel this afternoon?
6. How is your stomach?
7. How are your parents doing?
8. How is your new job going?
9. How often do you go to the movies?
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. How do you like your job? (I like it a lot. Or I don't like it very much.)
2. How are you feeling today? (I'm feeling better than yesterday.)
3. How is the weather today? (It's warm and sunny – a beautiful day!)
4. How fast can you run? (I can't run very fast! Or I can run pretty fast.)
5. How often do you study English? (I often study. / I study every day. / I don't study very often. / I frequently study. / I rarely study.)
2. How are you feeling today? (I'm feeling better than yesterday.)
3. How is the weather today? (It's warm and sunny – a beautiful day!)
4. How fast can you run? (I can't run very fast! Or I can run pretty fast.)
5. How often do you study English? (I often study. / I study every day. / I don't study very often. / I frequently study. / I rarely study.)
W Questions
["W" word + part of "Yes/No" Question]
["W" word + part of "Yes/No" Question]
What languages can you speak?
Tone of Voice Practice - Repeat each question and answer out loud!
1. What / is your name? (My name is ~ .)
2. What / can you / do well? (I can ~ very well.)
3. Where / are you from? (I am from ~ .)
4. Where / will you go / tomorrow? (I will go to ~ .)
5. When / did you / wake up / this morning? (I woke up at ~ o'clock.)
6. When is your birthday? (My birthday is in ~ .)
7. Who is your favorite singer? (My favorite singer is ~ .)
8. Who will come with us? ( ~ and ~ will come with us.)
9. Why are you studying English now? (I am studying English because ~ . )
10. Why were they so happy? (They were so happy because ~ .)
2. What / can you / do well? (I can ~ very well.)
3. Where / are you from? (I am from ~ .)
4. Where / will you go / tomorrow? (I will go to ~ .)
5. When / did you / wake up / this morning? (I woke up at ~ o'clock.)
6. When is your birthday? (My birthday is in ~ .)
7. Who is your favorite singer? (My favorite singer is ~ .)
8. Who will come with us? ( ~ and ~ will come with us.)
9. Why are you studying English now? (I am studying English because ~ . )
10. Why were they so happy? (They were so happy because ~ .)
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. What do you like to do in your free time?
2. What will you eat for dinner tonight?
3. Where do you buy fruits and vegetables?
4. Where is the best place to visit in winter?
5. Who was your favorite teacher in school?
6. Who is the most popular singer in your country?
7. When was your last vacation? (My last vacation was in ~ .)
8. When do you prefer to study, in the morning or in the evening?
9. Why are you sleeping so late? (I'm sleeping so late because...)
10. Why are you walking to your school? (I'm walking because...)
2. What will you eat for dinner tonight?
3. Where do you buy fruits and vegetables?
4. Where is the best place to visit in winter?
5. Who was your favorite teacher in school?
6. Who is the most popular singer in your country?
7. When was your last vacation? (My last vacation was in ~ .)
8. When do you prefer to study, in the morning or in the evening?
9. Why are you sleeping so late? (I'm sleeping so late because...)
10. Why are you walking to your school? (I'm walking because...)
Discussions - Give longer answers to these questions.
1. What is the most exciting movie you have ever seen?
2. When is the coldest weather in your hometown?
3. Where do you like to go on a warm summer's day?
4. Who do you like to talk to when you have a problem?
5. Why do you want to learn English?
2. When is the coldest weather in your hometown?
3. Where do you like to go on a warm summer's day?
4. Who do you like to talk to when you have a problem?
5. Why do you want to learn English?
Yes/No Questions
[Note: Use the first question word in your answer!]
[Note: Use the first question word in your answer!]
Tone of Voice Practice - Repeat each question and answer out loud!
1. Do you have a pet? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
2. Does she like to study? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
3. Did you see it? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
4. Can you speak English well? Yes, we can. / No, we can't.
5. Is she from here? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
6. Are you from a big city? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.
7. Are they going to come? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
8. Will you go with us? Yes, we will. / No, we won't.
9. Were you at home last night? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
2. Does she like to study? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
3. Did you see it? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
4. Can you speak English well? Yes, we can. / No, we can't.
5. Is she from here? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
6. Are you from a big city? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.
7. Are they going to come? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
8. Will you go with us? Yes, we will. / No, we won't.
9. Were you at home last night? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Discussion Practice - Speak these questions to your friends!
1. Do you speak English well? (Yes I do. / No I don't.) 2. Do you speak another language well?
3. Does your sister like pizza? (Yes she does. / No she doesn't.)
4. Does your friend like to eat pizza?
5. Do you have a brother or sister?
6. Does your father work in an office?
7. Can you play the guitar? (Yes I can. / No I can't.)
8. Can you drive a car?
9. Can your father drive a car?
10. Can you answer these questions easily?
11. Can French people speak French?
12. Is your friend a good singer? (Yes he is./Yes she is./No he isn't./No she isn't.)
13. Is today Friday?
14. Are you a good student? (Yes I am. / No I am not. / No I'm not.)
15. Are your friends tall?
16. Is your mother going to work today? (Yes, she is./No she is not./No she isn't.)
17. Is your dog big?
18. Are you going to stay home tonight? (Yes, I am. / No I am not. / No I'm not.)
19. Are you going to travel this year?
20. Will you practice all of these questions? (Yes I will. / No I won't.)
21. Will your friend help you study English?
22. Was yesterday Thursday? (Yes it was. / No it was not. / No it wasn't.)
23. Was your test difficult?
24. Were your parents from the same town or city? (Yes they were./No they weren't.)
25. Were your teachers helpful to you?
3. Does your sister like pizza? (Yes she does. / No she doesn't.)
4. Does your friend like to eat pizza?
5. Do you have a brother or sister?
6. Does your father work in an office?
7. Can you play the guitar? (Yes I can. / No I can't.)
8. Can you drive a car?
9. Can your father drive a car?
10. Can you answer these questions easily?
11. Can French people speak French?
12. Is your friend a good singer? (Yes he is./Yes she is./No he isn't./No she isn't.)
13. Is today Friday?
14. Are you a good student? (Yes I am. / No I am not. / No I'm not.)
15. Are your friends tall?
16. Is your mother going to work today? (Yes, she is./No she is not./No she isn't.)
17. Is your dog big?
18. Are you going to stay home tonight? (Yes, I am. / No I am not. / No I'm not.)
19. Are you going to travel this year?
20. Will you practice all of these questions? (Yes I will. / No I won't.)
21. Will your friend help you study English?
22. Was yesterday Thursday? (Yes it was. / No it was not. / No it wasn't.)
23. Was your test difficult?
24. Were your parents from the same town or city? (Yes they were./No they weren't.)
25. Were your teachers helpful to you?
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